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 735 <body class="manpage">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>
 738 git-fast-export(1) Manual Page
 739 </h1>
 740 <h2>NAME</h2>
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <p>git-fast-export -
 743    Git data exporter
 744 </p>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div id="content">
 748 <div class="sect1">
 749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 750 <div class="sectionbody">
 751 <div class="verseblock">
 752 <pre class="content"><em>git fast-export</em> [&lt;options&gt;] | <em>git fast-import</em></pre>
 753 <div class="attribution">
 754 </div></div>
 755 </div>
 756 </div>
 757 <div class="sect1">
 758 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 759 <div class="sectionbody">
 760 <div class="paragraph"><p>This program dumps the given revisions in a form suitable to be piped
 761 into <em>git fast-import</em>.</p></div>
 762 <div class="paragraph"><p>You can use it as a human-readable bundle replacement (see
 763 <a href="git-bundle.html">git-bundle(1)</a>), or as a format that can be edited before being
 764 fed to <em>git fast-import</em> in order to do history rewrites (an ability
 765 relied on by tools like <em>git filter-repo</em>).</p></div>
 766 </div>
 767 </div>
 768 <div class="sect1">
 769 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 770 <div class="sectionbody">
 771 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 772 <dt class="hdlist1">
 773 --progress=&lt;n&gt;
 774 </dt>
 775 <dd>
 776 <p>
 777         Insert <em>progress</em> statements every &lt;n&gt; objects, to be shown by
 778         <em>git fast-import</em> during import.
 779 </p>
 780 </dd>
 781 <dt class="hdlist1">
 782 --signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|warn-strip|strip|abort)
 783 </dt>
 784 <dd>
 785 <p>
 786         Specify how to handle signed tags.  Since any transformation
 787         after the export can change the tag names (which can also happen
 788         when excluding revisions) the signatures will not match.
 789 </p>
 790 <div class="paragraph"><p>When asking to <em>abort</em> (which is the default), this program will die
 791 when encountering a signed tag.  With <em>strip</em>, the tags will silently
 792 be made unsigned, with <em>warn-strip</em> they will be made unsigned but a
 793 warning will be displayed, with <em>verbatim</em>, they will be silently
 794 exported and with <em>warn</em>, they will be exported, but you will see a
 795 warning.</p></div>
 796 </dd>
 797 <dt class="hdlist1">
 798 --tag-of-filtered-object=(abort|drop|rewrite)
 799 </dt>
 800 <dd>
 801 <p>
 802         Specify how to handle tags whose tagged object is filtered out.
 803         Since revisions and files to export can be limited by path,
 804         tagged objects may be filtered completely.
 805 </p>
 806 <div class="paragraph"><p>When asking to <em>abort</em> (which is the default), this program will die
 807 when encountering such a tag.  With <em>drop</em> it will omit such tags from
 808 the output.  With <em>rewrite</em>, if the tagged object is a commit, it will
 809 rewrite the tag to tag an ancestor commit (via parent rewriting; see
 810 <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>).</p></div>
 811 </dd>
 812 <dt class="hdlist1">
 813 -M
 814 </dt>
 815 <dt class="hdlist1">
 816 -C
 817 </dt>
 818 <dd>
 819 <p>
 820         Perform move and/or copy detection, as described in the
 821         <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> manual page, and use it to generate
 822         rename and copy commands in the output dump.
 823 </p>
 824 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that earlier versions of this command did not complain and
 825 produced incorrect results if you gave these options.</p></div>
 826 </dd>
 827 <dt class="hdlist1">
 828 --export-marks=&lt;file&gt;
 829 </dt>
 830 <dd>
 831 <p>
 832         Dumps the internal marks table to &lt;file&gt; when complete.
 833         Marks are written one per line as <code>:markid SHA-1</code>. Only marks
 834         for revisions are dumped; marks for blobs are ignored.
 835         Backends can use this file to validate imports after they
 836         have been completed, or to save the marks table across
 837         incremental runs.  As &lt;file&gt; is only opened and truncated
 838         at completion, the same path can also be safely given to
 839         --import-marks.
 840         The file will not be written if no new object has been
 841         marked/exported.
 842 </p>
 843 </dd>
 844 <dt class="hdlist1">
 845 --import-marks=&lt;file&gt;
 846 </dt>
 847 <dd>
 848 <p>
 849         Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
 850         &lt;file&gt;.  The input file must exist, must be readable, and
 851         must use the same format as produced by --export-marks.
 852 </p>
 853 </dd>
 854 <dt class="hdlist1">
 855 --mark-tags
 856 </dt>
 857 <dd>
 858 <p>
 859         In addition to labelling blobs and commits with mark ids, also
 860         label tags.  This is useful in conjunction with
 861         <code>--export-marks</code> and <code>--import-marks</code>, and is also useful (and
 862         necessary) for exporting of nested tags.  It does not hurt
 863         other cases and would be the default, but many fast-import
 864         frontends are not prepared to accept tags with mark
 865         identifiers.
 866 </p>
 867 <div class="paragraph"><p>Any commits (or tags) that have already been marked will not be
 868 exported again.  If the backend uses a similar --import-marks file,
 869 this allows for incremental bidirectional exporting of the repository
 870 by keeping the marks the same across runs.</p></div>
 871 </dd>
 872 <dt class="hdlist1">
 873 --fake-missing-tagger
 874 </dt>
 875 <dd>
 876 <p>
 877         Some old repositories have tags without a tagger.  The
 878         fast-import protocol was pretty strict about that, and did not
 879         allow that.  So fake a tagger to be able to fast-import the
 880         output.
 881 </p>
 882 </dd>
 883 <dt class="hdlist1">
 884 --use-done-feature
 885 </dt>
 886 <dd>
 887 <p>
 888         Start the stream with a <em>feature done</em> stanza, and terminate
 889         it with a <em>done</em> command.
 890 </p>
 891 </dd>
 892 <dt class="hdlist1">
 893 --no-data
 894 </dt>
 895 <dd>
 896 <p>
 897         Skip output of blob objects and instead refer to blobs via
 898         their original SHA-1 hash.  This is useful when rewriting the
 899         directory structure or history of a repository without
 900         touching the contents of individual files.  Note that the
 901         resulting stream can only be used by a repository which
 902         already contains the necessary objects.
 903 </p>
 904 </dd>
 905 <dt class="hdlist1">
 906 --full-tree
 907 </dt>
 908 <dd>
 909 <p>
 910         This option will cause fast-export to issue a "deleteall"
 911         directive for each commit followed by a full list of all files
 912         in the commit (as opposed to just listing the files which are
 913         different from the commit&#8217;s first parent).
 914 </p>
 915 </dd>
 916 <dt class="hdlist1">
 917 --anonymize
 918 </dt>
 919 <dd>
 920 <p>
 921         Anonymize the contents of the repository while still retaining
 922         the shape of the history and stored tree.  See the section on
 923         <code>ANONYMIZING</code> below.
 924 </p>
 925 </dd>
 926 <dt class="hdlist1">
 927 --anonymize-map=&lt;from&gt;[:&lt;to&gt;]
 928 </dt>
 929 <dd>
 930 <p>
 931         Convert token <code>&lt;from&gt;</code> to <code>&lt;to&gt;</code> in the anonymized output. If
 932         <code>&lt;to&gt;</code> is omitted, map <code>&lt;from&gt;</code> to itself (i.e., do not
 933         anonymize it). See the section on <code>ANONYMIZING</code> below.
 934 </p>
 935 </dd>
 936 <dt class="hdlist1">
 937 --reference-excluded-parents
 938 </dt>
 939 <dd>
 940 <p>
 941         By default, running a command such as <code>git fast-export
 942         master~5..master</code> will not include the commit master&#126;5
 943         and will make master&#126;4 no longer have master&#126;5 as
 944         a parent (though both the old master&#126;4 and new
 945         master&#126;4 will have all the same files).  Use
 946         --reference-excluded-parents to instead have the stream
 947         refer to commits in the excluded range of history by their
 948         sha1sum.  Note that the resulting stream can only be used by a
 949         repository which already contains the necessary parent
 950         commits.
 951 </p>
 952 </dd>
 953 <dt class="hdlist1">
 954 --show-original-ids
 955 </dt>
 956 <dd>
 957 <p>
 958         Add an extra directive to the output for commits and blobs,
 959         <code>original-oid &lt;SHA1SUM&gt;</code>.  While such directives will likely be
 960         ignored by importers such as git-fast-import, it may be useful
 961         for intermediary filters (e.g. for rewriting commit messages
 962         which refer to older commits, or for stripping blobs by id).
 963 </p>
 964 </dd>
 965 <dt class="hdlist1">
 966 --reencode=(yes|no|abort)
 967 </dt>
 968 <dd>
 969 <p>
 970         Specify how to handle <code>encoding</code> header in commit objects.  When
 971         asking to <em>abort</em> (which is the default), this program will die
 972         when encountering such a commit object.  With <em>yes</em>, the commit
 973         message will be re-encoded into UTF-8.  With <em>no</em>, the original
 974         encoding will be preserved.
 975 </p>
 976 </dd>
 977 <dt class="hdlist1">
 978 --refspec
 979 </dt>
 980 <dd>
 981 <p>
 982         Apply the specified refspec to each ref exported. Multiple of them can
 983         be specified.
 984 </p>
 985 </dd>
 986 <dt class="hdlist1">
 987 [&lt;git-rev-list-args&gt;&#8230;]
 988 </dt>
 989 <dd>
 990 <p>
 991         A list of arguments, acceptable to <em>git rev-parse</em> and
 992         <em>git rev-list</em>, that specifies the specific objects and references
 993         to export.  For example, <code>master~10..master</code> causes the
 994         current master reference to be exported along with all objects
 995         added since its 10th ancestor commit and (unless the
 996         --reference-excluded-parents option is specified) all files
 997         common to master&#126;9 and master&#126;10.
 998 </p>
 999 </dd>
1000 </dl></div>
1001 </div>
1002 </div>
1003 <div class="sect1">
1004 <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
1005 <div class="sectionbody">
1006 <div class="listingblock">
1007 <div class="content">
1008 <pre><code>$ git fast-export --all | (cd /empty/repository &amp;&amp; git fast-import)</code></pre>
1009 </div></div>
1010 <div class="paragraph"><p>This will export the whole repository and import it into the existing
1011 empty repository.  Except for reencoding commits that are not in
1012 UTF-8, it would be a one-to-one mirror.</p></div>
1013 <div class="listingblock">
1014 <div class="content">
1015 <pre><code>$ git fast-export master~5..master |
1016         sed "s|refs/heads/master|refs/heads/other|" |
1017         git fast-import</code></pre>
1018 </div></div>
1019 <div class="paragraph"><p>This makes a new branch called <em>other</em> from <em>master~5..master</em>
1020 (i.e. if <em>master</em> has linear history, it will take the last 5 commits).</p></div>
1021 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this assumes that none of the blobs and commit messages
1022 referenced by that revision range contains the string
1023 <em>refs/heads/master</em>.</p></div>
1024 </div>
1025 </div>
1026 <div class="sect1">
1027 <h2 id="_anonymizing">ANONYMIZING</h2>
1028 <div class="sectionbody">
1029 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the <code>--anonymize</code> option is given, git will attempt to remove all
1030 identifying information from the repository while still retaining enough
1031 of the original tree and history patterns to reproduce some bugs. The
1032 goal is that a git bug which is found on a private repository will
1033 persist in the anonymized repository, and the latter can be shared with
1034 git developers to help solve the bug.</p></div>
1035 <div class="paragraph"><p>With this option, git will replace all refnames, paths, blob contents,
1036 commit and tag messages, names, and email addresses in the output with
1037 anonymized data.  Two instances of the same string will be replaced
1038 equivalently (e.g., two commits with the same author will have the same
1039 anonymized author in the output, but bear no resemblance to the original
1040 author string). The relationship between commits, branches, and tags is
1041 retained, as well as the commit timestamps (but the commit messages and
1042 refnames bear no resemblance to the originals). The relative makeup of
1043 the tree is retained (e.g., if you have a root tree with 10 files and 3
1044 trees, so will the output), but their names and the contents of the
1045 files will be replaced.</p></div>
1046 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you think you have found a git bug, you can start by exporting an
1047 anonymized stream of the whole repository:</p></div>
1048 <div class="listingblock">
1049 <div class="content">
1050 <pre><code>$ git fast-export --anonymize --all &gt;anon-stream</code></pre>
1051 </div></div>
1052 <div class="paragraph"><p>Then confirm that the bug persists in a repository created from that
1053 stream (many bugs will not, as they really do depend on the exact
1054 repository contents):</p></div>
1055 <div class="listingblock">
1056 <div class="content">
1057 <pre><code>$ git init anon-repo
1058 $ cd anon-repo
1059 $ git fast-import &lt;../anon-stream
1060 $ ... test your bug ...</code></pre>
1061 </div></div>
1062 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the anonymized repository shows the bug, it may be worth sharing
1063 <code>anon-stream</code> along with a regular bug report. Note that the anonymized
1064 stream compresses very well, so gzipping it is encouraged. If you want
1065 to examine the stream to see that it does not contain any private data,
1066 you can peruse it directly before sending. You may also want to try:</p></div>
1067 <div class="listingblock">
1068 <div class="content">
1069 <pre><code>$ perl -pe 's/\d+/X/g' &lt;anon-stream | sort -u | less</code></pre>
1070 </div></div>
1071 <div class="paragraph"><p>which shows all of the unique lines (with numbers converted to "X", to
1072 collapse "User 0", "User 1", etc into "User X"). This produces a much
1073 smaller output, and it is usually easy to quickly confirm that there is
1074 no private data in the stream.</p></div>
1075 <div class="paragraph"><p>Reproducing some bugs may require referencing particular commits or
1076 paths, which becomes challenging after refnames and paths have been
1077 anonymized. You can ask for a particular token to be left as-is or
1078 mapped to a new value. For example, if you have a bug which reproduces
1079 with <code>git rev-list sensitive -- secret.c</code>, you can run:</p></div>
1080 <div class="listingblock">
1081 <div class="content">
1082 <pre><code>$ git fast-export --anonymize --all \
1083       --anonymize-map=sensitive:foo \
1084       --anonymize-map=secret.c:bar.c \
1085       &gt;stream</code></pre>
1086 </div></div>
1087 <div class="paragraph"><p>After importing the stream, you can then run <code>git rev-list foo -- bar.c</code>
1088 in the anonymized repository.</p></div>
1089 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that paths and refnames are split into tokens at slash boundaries.
1090 The command above would anonymize <code>subdir/secret.c</code> as something like
1091 <code>path123/bar.c</code>; you could then search for <code>bar.c</code> in the anonymized
1092 repository to determine the final pathname.</p></div>
1093 <div class="paragraph"><p>To make referencing the final pathname simpler, you can map each path
1094 component; so if you also anonymize <code>subdir</code> to <code>publicdir</code>, then the
1095 final pathname would be <code>publicdir/bar.c</code>.</p></div>
1096 </div>
1097 </div>
1098 <div class="sect1">
1099 <h2 id="_limitations">LIMITATIONS</h2>
1100 <div class="sectionbody">
1101 <div class="paragraph"><p>Since <em>git fast-import</em> cannot tag trees, you will not be
1102 able to export the linux.git repository completely, as it contains
1103 a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit.</p></div>
1104 </div>
1105 </div>
1106 <div class="sect1">
1107 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
1108 <div class="sectionbody">
1109 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-fast-import.html">git-fast-import(1)</a></p></div>
1110 </div>
1111 </div>
1112 <div class="sect1">
1113 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1114 <div class="sectionbody">
1115 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
1116 </div>
1117 </div>
1118 </div>
1119 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
1120 <div id="footer">
1121 <div id="footer-text">
1122 Last updated
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