gitrepository-layout.html

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
   3     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
   4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
   5 <head>
   6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
   7 <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 10.2.0" />
   8 <title>gitrepository-layout(5)</title>
   9 <style type="text/css">
  10 /* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
  11
  12 /* Default font. */
  13 body {
  14   font-family: Georgia,serif;
  15 }
  16
  17 /* Title font. */
  18 h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
  19 div.title, caption.title,
  20 thead, p.table.header,
  21 #toctitle,
  22 #author, #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark,
  23 #footer {
  24   font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
  25 }
  26
  27 body {
  28   margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
  29 }
  30
  31 a {
  32   color: blue;
  33   text-decoration: underline;
  34 }
  35 a:visited {
  36   color: fuchsia;
  37 }
  38
  39 em {
  40   font-style: italic;
  41   color: navy;
  42 }
  43
  44 strong {
  45   font-weight: bold;
  46   color: #083194;
  47 }
  48
  49 h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  50   color: #527bbd;
  51   margin-top: 1.2em;
  52   margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  53   line-height: 1.3;
  54 }
  55
  56 h1, h2, h3 {
  57   border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
  58 }
  59 h2 {
  60   padding-top: 0.5em;
  61 }
  62 h3 {
  63   float: left;
  64 }
  65 h3 + * {
  66   clear: left;
  67 }
  68 h5 {
  69   font-size: 1.0em;
  70 }
  71
  72 div.sectionbody {
  73   margin-left: 0;
  74 }
  75
  76 hr {
  77   border: 1px solid silver;
  78 }
  79
  80 p {
  81   margin-top: 0.5em;
  82   margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  83 }
  84
  85 ul, ol, li > p {
  86   margin-top: 0;
  87 }
  88 ul > li     { color: #aaa; }
  89 ul > li > * { color: black; }
  90
  91 .monospaced, code, pre {
  92   font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
  93   font-size: inherit;
  94   color: navy;
  95   padding: 0;
  96   margin: 0;
  97 }
  98 pre {
  99   white-space: pre-wrap;
 100 }
 101
 102 #author {
 103   color: #527bbd;
 104   font-weight: bold;
 105   font-size: 1.1em;
 106 }
 107 #email {
 108 }
 109 #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
 110 }
 111
 112 #footer {
 113   font-size: small;
 114   border-top: 2px solid silver;
 115   padding-top: 0.5em;
 116   margin-top: 4.0em;
 117 }
 118 #footer-text {
 119   float: left;
 120   padding-bottom: 0.5em;
 121 }
 122 #footer-badges {
 123   float: right;
 124   padding-bottom: 0.5em;
 125 }
 126
 127 #preamble {
 128   margin-top: 1.5em;
 129   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 130 }
 131 div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
 132 div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
 133 div.admonitionblock {
 134   margin-top: 1.0em;
 135   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 136 }
 137 div.admonitionblock {
 138   margin-top: 2.0em;
 139   margin-bottom: 2.0em;
 140   margin-right: 10%;
 141   color: #606060;
 142 }
 143
 144 div.content { /* Block element content. */
 145   padding: 0;
 146 }
 147
 148 /* Block element titles. */
 149 div.title, caption.title {
 150   color: #527bbd;
 151   font-weight: bold;
 152   text-align: left;
 153   margin-top: 1.0em;
 154   margin-bottom: 0.5em;
 155 }
 156 div.title + * {
 157   margin-top: 0;
 158 }
 159
 160 td div.title:first-child {
 161   margin-top: 0.0em;
 162 }
 163 div.content div.title:first-child {
 164   margin-top: 0.0em;
 165 }
 166 div.content + div.title {
 167   margin-top: 0.0em;
 168 }
 169
 170 div.sidebarblock > div.content {
 171   background: #ffffee;
 172   border: 1px solid #dddddd;
 173   border-left: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
 174   padding: 0.5em;
 175 }
 176
 177 div.listingblock > div.content {
 178   border: 1px solid #dddddd;
 179   border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
 180   background: #f8f8f8;
 181   padding: 0.5em;
 182 }
 183
 184 div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
 185   padding-left: 1.0em;
 186   margin-left: 1.0em;
 187   margin-right: 10%;
 188   border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
 189   color: #888;
 190 }
 191
 192 div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
 193   padding-top: 0.5em;
 194   text-align: right;
 195 }
 196
 197 div.verseblock > pre.content {
 198   font-family: inherit;
 199   font-size: inherit;
 200 }
 201 div.verseblock > div.attribution {
 202   padding-top: 0.75em;
 203   text-align: left;
 204 }
 205 /* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
 206 div.verseblock + div.attribution {
 207   text-align: left;
 208 }
 209
 210 div.admonitionblock .icon {
 211   vertical-align: top;
 212   font-size: 1.1em;
 213   font-weight: bold;
 214   text-decoration: underline;
 215   color: #527bbd;
 216   padding-right: 0.5em;
 217 }
 218 div.admonitionblock td.content {
 219   padding-left: 0.5em;
 220   border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
 221 }
 222
 223 div.exampleblock > div.content {
 224   border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
 225   padding-left: 0.5em;
 226 }
 227
 228 div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
 229 span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
 230 a.image:visited { color: white; }
 231
 232 dl {
 233   margin-top: 0.8em;
 234   margin-bottom: 0.8em;
 235 }
 236 dt {
 237   margin-top: 0.5em;
 238   margin-bottom: 0;
 239   font-style: normal;
 240   color: navy;
 241 }
 242 dd > *:first-child {
 243   margin-top: 0.1em;
 244 }
 245
 246 ul, ol {
 247     list-style-position: outside;
 248 }
 249 ol.arabic {
 250   list-style-type: decimal;
 251 }
 252 ol.loweralpha {
 253   list-style-type: lower-alpha;
 254 }
 255 ol.upperalpha {
 256   list-style-type: upper-alpha;
 257 }
 258 ol.lowerroman {
 259   list-style-type: lower-roman;
 260 }
 261 ol.upperroman {
 262   list-style-type: upper-roman;
 263 }
 264
 265 div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
 266 div.compact p, div.compact p,
 267 div.compact div, div.compact div {
 268   margin-top: 0.1em;
 269   margin-bottom: 0.1em;
 270 }
 271
 272 tfoot {
 273   font-weight: bold;
 274 }
 275 td > div.verse {
 276   white-space: pre;
 277 }
 278
 279 div.hdlist {
 280   margin-top: 0.8em;
 281   margin-bottom: 0.8em;
 282 }
 283 div.hdlist tr {
 284   padding-bottom: 15px;
 285 }
 286 dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
 287   font-weight: bold;
 288 }
 289 td.hdlist1 {
 290   vertical-align: top;
 291   font-style: normal;
 292   padding-right: 0.8em;
 293   color: navy;
 294 }
 295 td.hdlist2 {
 296   vertical-align: top;
 297 }
 298 div.hdlist.compact tr {
 299   margin: 0;
 300   padding-bottom: 0;
 301 }
 302
 303 .comment {
 304   background: yellow;
 305 }
 306
 307 .footnote, .footnoteref {
 308   font-size: 0.8em;
 309 }
 310
 311 span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
 312   vertical-align: super;
 313 }
 314
 315 #footnotes {
 316   margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
 317   padding: 7px 0 0 0;
 318 }
 319
 320 #footnotes div.footnote {
 321   margin: 0 0 5px 0;
 322 }
 323
 324 #footnotes hr {
 325   border: none;
 326   border-top: 1px solid silver;
 327   height: 1px;
 328   text-align: left;
 329   margin-left: 0;
 330   width: 20%;
 331   min-width: 100px;
 332 }
 333
 334 div.colist td {
 335   padding-right: 0.5em;
 336   padding-bottom: 0.3em;
 337   vertical-align: top;
 338 }
 339 div.colist td img {
 340   margin-top: 0.3em;
 341 }
 342
 343 @media print {
 344   #footer-badges { display: none; }
 345 }
 346
 347 #toc {
 348   margin-bottom: 2.5em;
 349 }
 350
 351 #toctitle {
 352   color: #527bbd;
 353   font-size: 1.1em;
 354   font-weight: bold;
 355   margin-top: 1.0em;
 356   margin-bottom: 0.1em;
 357 }
 358
 359 div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
 360   margin-top: 0;
 361   margin-bottom: 0;
 362 }
 363 div.toclevel2 {
 364   margin-left: 2em;
 365   font-size: 0.9em;
 366 }
 367 div.toclevel3 {
 368   margin-left: 4em;
 369   font-size: 0.9em;
 370 }
 371 div.toclevel4 {
 372   margin-left: 6em;
 373   font-size: 0.9em;
 374 }
 375
 376 span.aqua { color: aqua; }
 377 span.black { color: black; }
 378 span.blue { color: blue; }
 379 span.fuchsia { color: fuchsia; }
 380 span.gray { color: gray; }
 381 span.green { color: green; }
 382 span.lime { color: lime; }
 383 span.maroon { color: maroon; }
 384 span.navy { color: navy; }
 385 span.olive { color: olive; }
 386 span.purple { color: purple; }
 387 span.red { color: red; }
 388 span.silver { color: silver; }
 389 span.teal { color: teal; }
 390 span.white { color: white; }
 391 span.yellow { color: yellow; }
 392
 393 span.aqua-background { background: aqua; }
 394 span.black-background { background: black; }
 395 span.blue-background { background: blue; }
 396 span.fuchsia-background { background: fuchsia; }
 397 span.gray-background { background: gray; }
 398 span.green-background { background: green; }
 399 span.lime-background { background: lime; }
 400 span.maroon-background { background: maroon; }
 401 span.navy-background { background: navy; }
 402 span.olive-background { background: olive; }
 403 span.purple-background { background: purple; }
 404 span.red-background { background: red; }
 405 span.silver-background { background: silver; }
 406 span.teal-background { background: teal; }
 407 span.white-background { background: white; }
 408 span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }
 409
 410 span.big { font-size: 2em; }
 411 span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }
 412
 413 span.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
 414 span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
 415 span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }
 416
 417 div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
 418
 419
 420 /*
 421  * xhtml11 specific
 422  *
 423  * */
 424
 425 div.tableblock {
 426   margin-top: 1.0em;
 427   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 428 }
 429 div.tableblock > table {
 430   border: 3px solid #527bbd;
 431 }
 432 thead, p.table.header {
 433   font-weight: bold;
 434   color: #527bbd;
 435 }
 436 p.table {
 437   margin-top: 0;
 438 }
 439 /* Because the table frame attribute is overridden by CSS in most browsers. */
 440 div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
 441   border-style: none;
 442 }
 443 div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
 444   border-left-style: none;
 445   border-right-style: none;
 446 }
 447 div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
 448   border-top-style: none;
 449   border-bottom-style: none;
 450 }
 451
 452
 453 /*
 454  * html5 specific
 455  *
 456  * */
 457
 458 table.tableblock {
 459   margin-top: 1.0em;
 460   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 461 }
 462 thead, p.tableblock.header {
 463   font-weight: bold;
 464   color: #527bbd;
 465 }
 466 p.tableblock {
 467   margin-top: 0;
 468 }
 469 table.tableblock {
 470   border-width: 3px;
 471   border-spacing: 0px;
 472   border-style: solid;
 473   border-color: #527bbd;
 474   border-collapse: collapse;
 475 }
 476 th.tableblock, td.tableblock {
 477   border-width: 1px;
 478   padding: 4px;
 479   border-style: solid;
 480   border-color: #527bbd;
 481 }
 482
 483 table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
 484   border-left-style: hidden;
 485   border-right-style: hidden;
 486 }
 487 table.tableblock.frame-sides {
 488   border-top-style: hidden;
 489   border-bottom-style: hidden;
 490 }
 491 table.tableblock.frame-none {
 492   border-style: hidden;
 493 }
 494
 495 th.tableblock.halign-left, td.tableblock.halign-left {
 496   text-align: left;
 497 }
 498 th.tableblock.halign-center, td.tableblock.halign-center {
 499   text-align: center;
 500 }
 501 th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
 502   text-align: right;
 503 }
 504
 505 th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
 506   vertical-align: top;
 507 }
 508 th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
 509   vertical-align: middle;
 510 }
 511 th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
 512   vertical-align: bottom;
 513 }
 514
 515
 516 /*
 517  * manpage specific
 518  *
 519  * */
 520
 521 body.manpage h1 {
 522   padding-top: 0.5em;
 523   padding-bottom: 0.5em;
 524   border-top: 2px solid silver;
 525   border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
 526 }
 527 body.manpage h2 {
 528   border-style: none;
 529 }
 530 body.manpage div.sectionbody {
 531   margin-left: 3em;
 532 }
 533
 534 @media print {
 535   body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
 536 }
 537
 538
 539 </style>
 540 <script type="text/javascript">
 541 /*<![CDATA[*/
 542 var asciidoc = {  // Namespace.
 543
 544 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 545 // Table Of Contents generator
 546 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 547
 548 /* Author: Mihai Bazon, September 2002
 549  * http://students.infoiasi.ro/~mishoo
 550  *
 551  * Table Of Content generator
 552  * Version: 0.4
 553  *
 554  * Feel free to use this script under the terms of the GNU General Public
 555  * License, as long as you do not remove or alter this notice.
 556  */
 557
 558  /* modified by Troy D. Hanson, September 2006. License: GPL */
 559  /* modified by Stuart Rackham, 2006, 2009. License: GPL */
 560
 561 // toclevels = 1..4.
 562 toc: function (toclevels) {
 563
 564   function getText(el) {
 565     var text = "";
 566     for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
 567       if (i.nodeType == 3 /* Node.TEXT_NODE */) // IE doesn't speak constants.
 568         text += i.data;
 569       else if (i.firstChild != null)
 570         text += getText(i);
 571     }
 572     return text;
 573   }
 574
 575   function TocEntry(el, text, toclevel) {
 576     this.element = el;
 577     this.text = text;
 578     this.toclevel = toclevel;
 579   }
 580
 581   function tocEntries(el, toclevels) {
 582     var result = new Array;
 583     var re = new RegExp('[hH]([1-'+(toclevels+1)+'])');
 584     // Function that scans the DOM tree for header elements (the DOM2
 585     // nodeIterator API would be a better technique but not supported by all
 586     // browsers).
 587     var iterate = function (el) {
 588       for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
 589         if (i.nodeType == 1 /* Node.ELEMENT_NODE */) {
 590           var mo = re.exec(i.tagName);
 591           if (mo && (i.getAttribute("class") || i.getAttribute("className")) != "float") {
 592             result[result.length] = new TocEntry(i, getText(i), mo[1]-1);
 593           }
 594           iterate(i);
 595         }
 596       }
 597     }
 598     iterate(el);
 599     return result;
 600   }
 601
 602   var toc = document.getElementById("toc");
 603   if (!toc) {
 604     return;
 605   }
 606
 607   // Delete existing TOC entries in case we're reloading the TOC.
 608   var tocEntriesToRemove = [];
 609   var i;
 610   for (i = 0; i < toc.childNodes.length; i++) {
 611     var entry = toc.childNodes[i];
 612     if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div'
 613      && entry.getAttribute("class")
 614      && entry.getAttribute("class").match(/^toclevel/))
 615       tocEntriesToRemove.push(entry);
 616   }
 617   for (i = 0; i < tocEntriesToRemove.length; i++) {
 618     toc.removeChild(tocEntriesToRemove[i]);
 619   }
 620
 621   // Rebuild TOC entries.
 622   var entries = tocEntries(document.getElementById("content"), toclevels);
 623   for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; ++i) {
 624     var entry = entries[i];
 625     if (entry.element.id == "")
 626       entry.element.id = "_toc_" + i;
 627     var a = document.createElement("a");
 628     a.href = "#" + entry.element.id;
 629     a.appendChild(document.createTextNode(entry.text));
 630     var div = document.createElement("div");
 631     div.appendChild(a);
 632     div.className = "toclevel" + entry.toclevel;
 633     toc.appendChild(div);
 634   }
 635   if (entries.length == 0)
 636     toc.parentNode.removeChild(toc);
 637 },
 638
 639
 640 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 641 // Footnotes generator
 642 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 643
 644 /* Based on footnote generation code from:
 645  * http://www.brandspankingnew.net/archive/2005/07/format_footnote.html
 646  */
 647
 648 footnotes: function () {
 649   // Delete existing footnote entries in case we're reloading the footnodes.
 650   var i;
 651   var noteholder = document.getElementById("footnotes");
 652   if (!noteholder) {
 653     return;
 654   }
 655   var entriesToRemove = [];
 656   for (i = 0; i < noteholder.childNodes.length; i++) {
 657     var entry = noteholder.childNodes[i];
 658     if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div' && entry.getAttribute("class") == "footnote")
 659       entriesToRemove.push(entry);
 660   }
 661   for (i = 0; i < entriesToRemove.length; i++) {
 662     noteholder.removeChild(entriesToRemove[i]);
 663   }
 664
 665   // Rebuild footnote entries.
 666   var cont = document.getElementById("content");
 667   var spans = cont.getElementsByTagName("span");
 668   var refs = {};
 669   var n = 0;
 670   for (i=0; i<spans.length; i++) {
 671     if (spans[i].className == "footnote") {
 672       n++;
 673       var note = spans[i].getAttribute("data-note");
 674       if (!note) {
 675         // Use [\s\S] in place of . so multi-line matches work.
 676         // Because JavaScript has no s (dotall) regex flag.
 677         note = spans[i].innerHTML.match(/\s*\[([\s\S]*)]\s*/)[1];
 678         spans[i].innerHTML =
 679           "[<a id='_footnoteref_" + n + "' href='#_footnote_" + n +
 680           "' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
 681         spans[i].setAttribute("data-note", note);
 682       }
 683       noteholder.innerHTML +=
 684         "<div class='footnote' id='_footnote_" + n + "'>" +
 685         "<a href='#_footnoteref_" + n + "' title='Return to text'>" +
 686         n + "</a>. " + note + "</div>";
 687       var id =spans[i].getAttribute("id");
 688       if (id != null) refs["#"+id] = n;
 689     }
 690   }
 691   if (n == 0)
 692     noteholder.parentNode.removeChild(noteholder);
 693   else {
 694     // Process footnoterefs.
 695     for (i=0; i<spans.length; i++) {
 696       if (spans[i].className == "footnoteref") {
 697         var href = spans[i].getElementsByTagName("a")[0].getAttribute("href");
 698         href = href.match(/#.*/)[0];  // Because IE return full URL.
 699         n = refs[href];
 700         spans[i].innerHTML =
 701           "[<a href='#_footnote_" + n +
 702           "' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
 703       }
 704     }
 705   }
 706 },
 707
 708 install: function(toclevels) {
 709   var timerId;
 710
 711   function reinstall() {
 712     asciidoc.footnotes();
 713     if (toclevels) {
 714       asciidoc.toc(toclevels);
 715     }
 716   }
 717
 718   function reinstallAndRemoveTimer() {
 719     clearInterval(timerId);
 720     reinstall();
 721   }
 722
 723   timerId = setInterval(reinstall, 500);
 724   if (document.addEventListener)
 725     document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", reinstallAndRemoveTimer, false);
 726   else
 727     window.onload = reinstallAndRemoveTimer;
 728 }
 729
 730 }
 731 asciidoc.install();
 732 /*]]>*/
 733 </script>
 734 </head>
 735 <body class="manpage">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>
 738 gitrepository-layout(5) Manual Page
 739 </h1>
 740 <h2>NAME</h2>
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <p>gitrepository-layout -
 743    Git Repository Layout
 744 </p>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div id="content">
 748 <div class="sect1">
 749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 750 <div class="sectionbody">
 751 <div class="paragraph"><p>$GIT_DIR/*</p></div>
 752 </div>
 753 </div>
 754 <div class="sect1">
 755 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 756 <div class="sectionbody">
 757 <div class="paragraph"><p>A Git repository comes in two different flavours:</p></div>
 758 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 759 <li>
 760 <p>
 761 a <code>.git</code> directory at the root of the working tree;
 762 </p>
 763 </li>
 764 <li>
 765 <p>
 766 a <code>&lt;project&gt;.git</code> directory that is a <em>bare</em> repository
 767    (i.e. without its own working tree), that is typically used for
 768    exchanging histories with others by pushing into it and fetching
 769    from it.
 770 </p>
 771 </li>
 772 </ul></div>
 773 <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Note</strong>: Also you can have a plain text file <code>.git</code> at the root of
 774 your working tree, containing <code>gitdir: &lt;path&gt;</code> to point at the real
 775 directory that has the repository.
 776 This mechanism is called a <em>gitfile</em> and is usually managed via the
 777 <code>git submodule</code> and <code>git worktree</code> commands. It is often used for
 778 a working tree of a submodule checkout, to allow you in the
 779 containing superproject to <code>git checkout</code> a branch that does not
 780 have the submodule.  The <code>checkout</code> has to remove the entire
 781 submodule working tree, without losing the submodule repository.</p></div>
 782 <div class="paragraph"><p>These things may exist in a Git repository.</p></div>
 783 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 784 <dt class="hdlist1">
 785 objects
 786 </dt>
 787 <dd>
 788 <p>
 789         Object store associated with this repository.  Usually
 790         an object store is self sufficient (i.e. all the objects
 791         that are referred to by an object found in it are also
 792         found in it), but there are a few ways to violate it.
 793 </p>
 794 <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
 795 <li>
 796 <p>
 797 You could have an incomplete but locally usable repository
 798 by creating a shallow clone.  See <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>.
 799 </p>
 800 </li>
 801 <li>
 802 <p>
 803 You could be using the <code>objects/info/alternates</code> or
 804 <code>$GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES</code> mechanisms to <em>borrow</em>
 805 objects from other object stores.  A repository with this kind
 806 of incomplete object store is not suitable to be published for
 807 use with dumb transports but otherwise is OK as long as
 808 <code>objects/info/alternates</code> points at the object stores it
 809 borrows from.
 810 </p>
 811 <div class="paragraph"><p>This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
 812 "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/objects" will be used instead.</p></div>
 813 </li>
 814 </ol></div>
 815 </dd>
 816 <dt class="hdlist1">
 817 objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]
 818 </dt>
 819 <dd>
 820 <p>
 821         A newly created object is stored in its own file.
 822         The objects are splayed over 256 subdirectories using
 823         the first two characters of the sha1 object name to
 824         keep the number of directory entries in <code>objects</code>
 825         itself to a manageable number. Objects found
 826         here are often called <em>unpacked</em> (or <em>loose</em>) objects.
 827 </p>
 828 </dd>
 829 <dt class="hdlist1">
 830 objects/pack
 831 </dt>
 832 <dd>
 833 <p>
 834         Packs (files that store many objects in compressed form,
 835         along with index files to allow them to be randomly
 836         accessed) are found in this directory.
 837 </p>
 838 </dd>
 839 <dt class="hdlist1">
 840 objects/info
 841 </dt>
 842 <dd>
 843 <p>
 844         Additional information about the object store is
 845         recorded in this directory.
 846 </p>
 847 </dd>
 848 <dt class="hdlist1">
 849 objects/info/packs
 850 </dt>
 851 <dd>
 852 <p>
 853         This file is to help dumb transports discover what packs
 854         are available in this object store.  Whenever a pack is
 855         added or removed, <code>git update-server-info</code> should be run
 856         to keep this file up to date if the repository is
 857         published for dumb transports.  <em>git repack</em> does this
 858         by default.
 859 </p>
 860 </dd>
 861 <dt class="hdlist1">
 862 objects/info/alternates
 863 </dt>
 864 <dd>
 865 <p>
 866         This file records paths to alternate object stores that
 867         this object store borrows objects from, one pathname per
 868         line. Note that not only native Git tools use it locally,
 869         but the HTTP fetcher also tries to use it remotely; this
 870         will usually work if you have relative paths (relative
 871         to the object database, not to the repository!) in your
 872         alternates file, but it will not work if you use absolute
 873         paths unless the absolute path in filesystem and web URL
 874         is the same. See also <code>objects/info/http-alternates</code>.
 875 </p>
 876 </dd>
 877 <dt class="hdlist1">
 878 objects/info/http-alternates
 879 </dt>
 880 <dd>
 881 <p>
 882         This file records URLs to alternate object stores that
 883         this object store borrows objects from, to be used when
 884         the repository is fetched over HTTP.
 885 </p>
 886 </dd>
 887 <dt class="hdlist1">
 888 refs
 889 </dt>
 890 <dd>
 891 <p>
 892         References are stored in subdirectories of this
 893         directory.  The <em>git prune</em> command knows to preserve
 894         objects reachable from refs found in this directory and
 895         its subdirectories.
 896         This directory is ignored (except refs/bisect,
 897         refs/rewritten and refs/worktree) if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is
 898         set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/refs" will be used instead.
 899 </p>
 900 </dd>
 901 <dt class="hdlist1">
 902 refs/heads/<code>name</code>
 903 </dt>
 904 <dd>
 905 <p>
 906         records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch <code>name</code>
 907 </p>
 908 </dd>
 909 <dt class="hdlist1">
 910 refs/tags/<code>name</code>
 911 </dt>
 912 <dd>
 913 <p>
 914         records any object name (not necessarily a commit
 915         object, or a tag object that points at a commit object).
 916 </p>
 917 </dd>
 918 <dt class="hdlist1">
 919 refs/remotes/<code>name</code>
 920 </dt>
 921 <dd>
 922 <p>
 923         records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied
 924         from a remote repository.
 925 </p>
 926 </dd>
 927 <dt class="hdlist1">
 928 refs/replace/<code>&lt;obj-sha1&gt;</code>
 929 </dt>
 930 <dd>
 931 <p>
 932         records the SHA-1 of the object that replaces <code>&lt;obj-sha1&gt;</code>.
 933         This is similar to info/grafts and is internally used and
 934         maintained by <a href="git-replace.html">git-replace(1)</a>. Such refs can be exchanged
 935         between repositories while grafts are not.
 936 </p>
 937 </dd>
 938 <dt class="hdlist1">
 939 packed-refs
 940 </dt>
 941 <dd>
 942 <p>
 943         records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/,
 944         and friends record in a more efficient way.  See
 945         <a href="git-pack-refs.html">git-pack-refs(1)</a>. This file is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR
 946         is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/packed-refs" will be used instead.
 947 </p>
 948 </dd>
 949 <dt class="hdlist1">
 950 HEAD
 951 </dt>
 952 <dd>
 953 <p>
 954         A symref (see glossary) to the <code>refs/heads/</code> namespace
 955         describing the currently active branch.  It does not mean
 956         much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
 957         (i.e. a <em>bare</em> repository), but a valid Git repository
 958         <strong>must</strong> have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
 959         guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
 960         (usually <em>master</em>).  It is legal if the named branch
 961         <em>name</em> does not (yet) exist.  In some legacy setups, it is
 962         a symbolic link instead of a symref that points at the current
 963         branch.
 964 </p>
 965 <div class="paragraph"><p>HEAD can also record a specific commit directly, instead of
 966 being a symref to point at the current branch.  Such a state
 967 is often called <em>detached HEAD.</em>  See <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>
 968 for details.</p></div>
 969 </dd>
 970 <dt class="hdlist1">
 971 config
 972 </dt>
 973 <dd>
 974 <p>
 975         Repository specific configuration file. This file is ignored
 976         if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/config" will be
 977         used instead.
 978 </p>
 979 </dd>
 980 <dt class="hdlist1">
 981 config.worktree
 982 </dt>
 983 <dd>
 984 <p>
 985         Working directory specific configuration file for the main
 986         working directory in multiple working directory setup (see
 987         <a href="git-worktree.html">git-worktree(1)</a>).
 988 </p>
 989 </dd>
 990 <dt class="hdlist1">
 991 branches
 992 </dt>
 993 <dd>
 994 <p>
 995         A slightly deprecated way to store shorthands to be used
 996         to specify a URL to <em>git fetch</em>, <em>git pull</em> and <em>git push</em>.
 997         A file can be stored as <code>branches/&lt;name&gt;</code> and then
 998         <em>name</em> can be given to these commands in place of
 999         <em>repository</em> argument.  See the REMOTES section in
1000         <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> for details.  This mechanism is legacy
1001         and not likely to be found in modern repositories. This
1002         directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
1003         "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/branches" will be used instead.
1004 </p>
1005 </dd>
1006 <dt class="hdlist1">
1007 hooks
1008 </dt>
1009 <dd>
1010 <p>
1011         Hooks are customization scripts used by various Git
1012         commands.  A handful of sample hooks are installed when
1013         <em>git init</em> is run, but all of them are disabled by
1014         default.  To enable, the <code>.sample</code> suffix has to be
1015         removed from the filename by renaming.
1016         Read <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more details about
1017         each hook. This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set
1018         and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/hooks" will be used instead.
1019 </p>
1020 </dd>
1021 <dt class="hdlist1">
1022 common
1023 </dt>
1024 <dd>
1025 <p>
1026         When multiple working trees are used, most of files in
1027         $GIT_DIR are per-worktree with a few known exceptions. All
1028         files under <em>common</em> however will be shared between all
1029         working trees.
1030 </p>
1031 </dd>
1032 <dt class="hdlist1">
1033 index
1034 </dt>
1035 <dd>
1036 <p>
1037         The current index file for the repository.  It is
1038         usually not found in a bare repository.
1039 </p>
1040 </dd>
1041 <dt class="hdlist1">
1042 sharedindex.&lt;SHA-1&gt;
1043 </dt>
1044 <dd>
1045 <p>
1046         The shared index part, to be referenced by $GIT_DIR/index and
1047         other temporary index files. Only valid in split index mode.
1048 </p>
1049 </dd>
1050 <dt class="hdlist1">
1051 info
1052 </dt>
1053 <dd>
1054 <p>
1055         Additional information about the repository is recorded
1056         in this directory. This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR
1057         is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/info" will be used instead.
1058 </p>
1059 </dd>
1060 <dt class="hdlist1">
1061 info/refs
1062 </dt>
1063 <dd>
1064 <p>
1065         This file helps dumb transports discover what refs are
1066         available in this repository.  If the repository is
1067         published for dumb transports, this file should be
1068         regenerated by <em>git update-server-info</em> every time a tag
1069         or branch is created or modified.  This is normally done
1070         from the <code>hooks/update</code> hook, which is run by the
1071         <em>git-receive-pack</em> command when you <em>git push</em> into the
1072         repository.
1073 </p>
1074 </dd>
1075 <dt class="hdlist1">
1076 info/grafts
1077 </dt>
1078 <dd>
1079 <p>
1080         This file records fake commit ancestry information, to
1081         pretend the set of parents a commit has is different
1082         from how the commit was actually created.  One record
1083         per line describes a commit and its fake parents by
1084         listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated
1085         by a space and terminated by a newline.
1086 </p>
1087 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that the grafts mechanism is outdated and can lead to problems
1088 transferring objects between repositories; see <a href="git-replace.html">git-replace(1)</a>
1089 for a more flexible and robust system to do the same thing.</p></div>
1090 </dd>
1091 <dt class="hdlist1">
1092 info/exclude
1093 </dt>
1094 <dd>
1095 <p>
1096         This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
1097         exclude pattern list. <code>.gitignore</code> is the per-directory
1098         ignore file.  <em>git status</em>, <em>git add</em>, <em>git rm</em> and
1099         <em>git clean</em> look at it but the core Git commands do not look
1100         at it.  See also: <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>.
1101 </p>
1102 </dd>
1103 <dt class="hdlist1">
1104 info/attributes
1105 </dt>
1106 <dd>
1107 <p>
1108         Defines which attributes to assign to a path, similar to per-directory
1109         <code>.gitattributes</code> files.   See also: <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>.
1110 </p>
1111 </dd>
1112 <dt class="hdlist1">
1113 info/sparse-checkout
1114 </dt>
1115 <dd>
1116 <p>
1117         This file stores sparse checkout patterns.
1118         See also: <a href="git-read-tree.html">git-read-tree(1)</a>.
1119 </p>
1120 </dd>
1121 <dt class="hdlist1">
1122 remotes
1123 </dt>
1124 <dd>
1125 <p>
1126         Stores shorthands for URL and default refnames for use
1127         when interacting with remote repositories via <em>git fetch</em>,
1128         <em>git pull</em> and <em>git push</em> commands.  See the REMOTES section
1129         in <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> for details.  This mechanism is legacy
1130         and not likely to be found in modern repositories. This
1131         directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
1132         "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/remotes" will be used instead.
1133 </p>
1134 </dd>
1135 <dt class="hdlist1">
1136 logs
1137 </dt>
1138 <dd>
1139 <p>
1140         Records of changes made to refs are stored in this directory.
1141         See <a href="git-update-ref.html">git-update-ref(1)</a> for more information. This
1142         directory is ignored (except logs/HEAD) if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is
1143         set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/logs" will be used instead.
1144 </p>
1145 </dd>
1146 <dt class="hdlist1">
1147 logs/refs/heads/<code>name</code>
1148 </dt>
1149 <dd>
1150 <p>
1151         Records all changes made to the branch tip named <code>name</code>.
1152 </p>
1153 </dd>
1154 <dt class="hdlist1">
1155 logs/refs/tags/<code>name</code>
1156 </dt>
1157 <dd>
1158 <p>
1159         Records all changes made to the tag named <code>name</code>.
1160 </p>
1161 </dd>
1162 <dt class="hdlist1">
1163 shallow
1164 </dt>
1165 <dd>
1166 <p>
1167         This is similar to <code>info/grafts</code> but is internally used
1168         and maintained by shallow clone mechanism.  See <code>--depth</code>
1169         option to <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> and <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>. This
1170         file is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
1171         "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/shallow" will be used instead.
1172 </p>
1173 </dd>
1174 <dt class="hdlist1">
1175 commondir
1176 </dt>
1177 <dd>
1178 <p>
1179         If this file exists, $GIT_COMMON_DIR (see <a href="git.html">git(1)</a>) will
1180         be set to the path specified in this file if it is not
1181         explicitly set. If the specified path is relative, it is
1182         relative to $GIT_DIR. The repository with commondir is
1183         incomplete without the repository pointed by "commondir".
1184 </p>
1185 </dd>
1186 <dt class="hdlist1">
1187 modules
1188 </dt>
1189 <dd>
1190 <p>
1191         Contains the git-repositories of the submodules.
1192 </p>
1193 </dd>
1194 <dt class="hdlist1">
1195 worktrees
1196 </dt>
1197 <dd>
1198 <p>
1199         Contains administrative data for linked
1200         working trees. Each subdirectory contains the working tree-related
1201         part of a linked working tree. This directory is ignored if
1202         $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set, in which case
1203         "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees" will be used instead.
1204 </p>
1205 </dd>
1206 <dt class="hdlist1">
1207 worktrees/&lt;id&gt;/gitdir
1208 </dt>
1209 <dd>
1210 <p>
1211         A text file containing the absolute path back to the .git file
1212         that points to here. This is used to check if the linked
1213         repository has been manually removed and there is no need to
1214         keep this directory any more. The mtime of this file should be
1215         updated every time the linked repository is accessed.
1216 </p>
1217 </dd>
1218 <dt class="hdlist1">
1219 worktrees/&lt;id&gt;/locked
1220 </dt>
1221 <dd>
1222 <p>
1223         If this file exists, the linked working tree may be on a
1224         portable device and not available. The presence of this file
1225         prevents <code>worktrees/&lt;id&gt;</code> from being pruned either automatically
1226         or manually by <code>git worktree prune</code>. The file may contain a string
1227         explaining why the repository is locked.
1228 </p>
1229 </dd>
1230 <dt class="hdlist1">
1231 worktrees/&lt;id&gt;/config.worktree
1232 </dt>
1233 <dd>
1234 <p>
1235         Working directory specific configuration file.
1236 </p>
1237 </dd>
1238 </dl></div>
1239 </div>
1240 </div>
1241 <div class="sect1">
1242 <h2 id="_git_repository_format_versions">Git Repository Format Versions</h2>
1243 <div class="sectionbody">
1244 <div class="paragraph"><p>Every git repository is marked with a numeric version in the
1245 <code>core.repositoryformatversion</code> key of its <code>config</code> file. This version
1246 specifies the rules for operating on the on-disk repository data. An
1247 implementation of git which does not understand a particular version
1248 advertised by an on-disk repository MUST NOT operate on that repository;
1249 doing so risks not only producing wrong results, but actually losing
1250 data.</p></div>
1251 <div class="paragraph"><p>Because of this rule, version bumps should be kept to an absolute
1252 minimum. Instead, we generally prefer these strategies:</p></div>
1253 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1254 <li>
1255 <p>
1256 bumping format version numbers of individual data files (e.g.,
1257     index, packfiles, etc). This restricts the incompatibilities only to
1258     those files.
1259 </p>
1260 </li>
1261 <li>
1262 <p>
1263 introducing new data that gracefully degrades when used by older
1264     clients (e.g., pack bitmap files are ignored by older clients, which
1265     simply do not take advantage of the optimization they provide).
1266 </p>
1267 </li>
1268 </ul></div>
1269 <div class="paragraph"><p>A whole-repository format version bump should only be part of a change
1270 that cannot be independently versioned. For instance, if one were to
1271 change the reachability rules for objects, or the rules for locking
1272 refs, that would require a bump of the repository format version.</p></div>
1273 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this applies only to accessing the repository&#8217;s disk contents
1274 directly. An older client which understands only format <code>0</code> may still
1275 connect via <code>git://</code> to a repository using format <code>1</code>, as long as the
1276 server process understands format <code>1</code>.</p></div>
1277 <div class="paragraph"><p>The preferred strategy for rolling out a version bump (whether whole
1278 repository or for a single file) is to teach git to read the new format,
1279 and allow writing the new format with a config switch or command line
1280 option (for experimentation or for those who do not care about backwards
1281 compatibility with older gits). Then after a long period to allow the
1282 reading capability to become common, we may switch to writing the new
1283 format by default.</p></div>
1284 <div class="paragraph"><p>The currently defined format versions are:</p></div>
1285 <div class="sect2">
1286 <h3 id="_version_code_0_code">Version <code>0</code></h3>
1287 <div class="paragraph"><p>This is the format defined by the initial version of git, including but
1288 not limited to the format of the repository directory, the repository
1289 configuration file, and the object and ref storage. Specifying the
1290 complete behavior of git is beyond the scope of this document.</p></div>
1291 </div>
1292 <div class="sect2">
1293 <h3 id="_version_code_1_code">Version <code>1</code></h3>
1294 <div class="paragraph"><p>This format is identical to version <code>0</code>, with the following exceptions:</p></div>
1295 <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
1296 <li>
1297 <p>
1298 When reading the <code>core.repositoryformatversion</code> variable, a git
1299      implementation which supports version 1 MUST also read any
1300      configuration keys found in the <code>extensions</code> section of the
1301      configuration file.
1302 </p>
1303 </li>
1304 <li>
1305 <p>
1306 If a version-1 repository specifies any <code>extensions.*</code> keys that
1307      the running git has not implemented, the operation MUST NOT
1308      proceed. Similarly, if the value of any known key is not understood
1309      by the implementation, the operation MUST NOT proceed.
1310 </p>
1311 </li>
1312 </ol></div>
1313 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that if no extensions are specified in the config file, then
1314 <code>core.repositoryformatversion</code> SHOULD be set to <code>0</code> (setting it to <code>1</code>
1315 provides no benefit, and makes the repository incompatible with older
1316 implementations of git).</p></div>
1317 <div class="paragraph"><p>This document will serve as the master list for extensions. Any
1318 implementation wishing to define a new extension should make a note of
1319 it here, in order to claim the name.</p></div>
1320 <div class="paragraph"><p>The defined extensions are:</p></div>
1321 <div class="sect3">
1322 <h4 id="_code_noop_code"><code>noop</code></h4>
1323 <div class="paragraph"><p>This extension does not change git&#8217;s behavior at all. It is useful only
1324 for testing format-1 compatibility.</p></div>
1325 </div>
1326 <div class="sect3">
1327 <h4 id="_code_preciousobjects_code"><code>preciousObjects</code></h4>
1328 <div class="paragraph"><p>When the config key <code>extensions.preciousObjects</code> is set to <code>true</code>,
1329 objects in the repository MUST NOT be deleted (e.g., by <code>git-prune</code> or
1330 <code>git repack -d</code>).</p></div>
1331 </div>
1332 <div class="sect3">
1333 <h4 id="_code_partialclone_code"><code>partialClone</code></h4>
1334 <div class="paragraph"><p>When the config key <code>extensions.partialClone</code> is set, it indicates
1335 that the repo was created with a partial clone (or later performed
1336 a partial fetch) and that the remote may have omitted sending
1337 certain unwanted objects.  Such a remote is called a "promisor remote"
1338 and it promises that all such omitted objects can be fetched from it
1339 in the future.</p></div>
1340 <div class="paragraph"><p>The value of this key is the name of the promisor remote.</p></div>
1341 </div>
1342 <div class="sect3">
1343 <h4 id="_code_worktreeconfig_code"><code>worktreeConfig</code></h4>
1344 <div class="paragraph"><p>If set, by default "git config" reads from both "config" and
1345 "config.worktree" files from GIT_DIR in that order. In
1346 multiple working directory mode, "config" file is shared while
1347 "config.worktree" is per-working directory (i.e., it&#8217;s in
1348 GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/&lt;id&gt;/config.worktree)</p></div>
1349 </div>
1350 <div class="sect3">
1351 <h4 id="_code_refstorage_code"><code>refStorage</code></h4>
1352 <div class="paragraph"><p>Specifies the file format for the ref database. The valid values are
1353 <code>files</code> (loose references with a packed-refs file) and <code>reftable</code> (see
1354 Documentation/technical/reftable.txt).</p></div>
1355 </div>
1356 </div>
1357 </div>
1358 </div>
1359 <div class="sect1">
1360 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
1361 <div class="sectionbody">
1362 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a>,
1363 <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>,
1364 <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>,
1365 <a href="git-pack-refs.html">git-pack-refs(1)</a>,
1366 <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>,
1367 <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>,
1368 <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>,
1369 <a href="user-manual.html">The Git User&#8217;s Manual</a></p></div>
1370 </div>
1371 </div>
1372 <div class="sect1">
1373 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1374 <div class="sectionbody">
1375 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
1376 </div>
1377 </div>
1378 </div>
1379 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
1380 <div id="footer">
1381 <div id="footer-text">
1382 Last updated
1383  2023-12-20 13:32:13 PST
1384 </div>
1385 </div>
1386 </body>
1387 </html>